Question:
Identify and analyse the Benefits and Issues connected to both Online Learning and face to-face learning in higher education. Support your discussion with evidence and examples.
In the world of education, the technology has brought a big revolution. The face-to-face learning in classrooms has been facing tough competition from online learning. With the advancement of technology, students across the world now prefer the new method of learning and that is changing the structure of the method of learning. Formal education started with face-to-face teaching and learning. After the introduction of internet, people got the access to resources and with time, the universities have opened their doors for those who cannot afford to migrate to a different country for higher education (Jaggars, 2014). Online learning has been a great help for these students. This makes the background of the report.
This report will address the benefits and problems of both the online and face-to-face learning in the higher education. Its purpose is to compare and contrast the effectiveness of both types of learning and the trend in the popularity of them. The report will focus on various aspects of the online and face-to-face learning and will try to find out the weightage of each of the type. The outcome of the report will help the universities and online teaching websites to restructure their teaching methods to attract more students from across the world.
Online learning
As the name suggests, online learning refers to the method of study that allows the students to attain the degree or certificate without attending the classes. This study method is implemented over the websites and portals and is usually self-paced. Online learning method is aimed at the students, who want to study for a higher qualification while working full time or part time, or have other commitments or cannot migrate to other countries to study due to lack of money (Zhu, 2012). The universities and various other private educational institutes have been launching various online teaching processes for the convenience of the students. Through online self-paced courses, video sessions, CDs and DVDs of the classroom courses and online exams, these institutes enables the facilities for higher studies for those, who cannot attend the classroom teaching due to some constraints. This method is also known as E-Learning (Salmon, 2013).
Benefits of online learning
There are many benefits of online learning. Those are as follows.
Issues of online learning
Online learning also has some issues. Those are listed below.
Face-to-face learning
McConnell et al. (2013) highlights that face-to-face learning is the method of study that requires the students to attend the classes and have direct interaction with the teacher or guide. The teaching and learning takes place in a same place, at a definite time and occurs in-person. This type of learning is not suitable for part time or full time workers or for those who cannot travel only for studying.
Benefits of the face-to-face learning
Like online learning, there are some benefits of face-to-face learning.
Issues in face-to-face learning
There are some common issues in face-to-face learning. Those are listed below.
Online versus face-to-face learning
There are some fundamental differences between the two types of learning.
Online learning |
Face-to-face learning |
|
Communication type |
Virtual communication through chats, videos, forums, blogs, uploads and downloads |
Verbal, nonverbal |
Learning materials |
Textbooks, lecture notes, Ebooks |
Real time access to class lecture notes and textbooks |
Learning process |
Virtual learning, anytime and from anywhere |
Real time and specific time for discussions |
Additional costs |
Software upgrades and hardware |
Accommodations at times, parking cost, fuel cost |
Interaction and feedback |
Anytime, usually 24hours turnaround and conductive to the availability of the lecturers |
Immediate in the classrooms through verbal communication, but usually time constrained |
Table 1: Comparison between online learning and face-to-face learning
(Source: Erstad, 2017)
The preference towards one type of learning depends on people’s personal choice and convenience. Some people prefer the traditional way of learning with textbook and lecture notes, some prefer to access the ready study materials from the online sources and study in their comfortable time, while some people prefer the best of both the methods (Jaggars, 2014).
Kolowich (2012) mentioned about a survey by Elaine Allen & Seaman, conducted in 2011, on the above topic and found that the professors, who teach online, did not have a positive feedback regarding the effectiveness of online learning in relation to face-to-face learning. It is found that 66% of the respondents said that the learning outcomes in the online learning is inferior or somewhat inferior compared to that for face-to-face learning, while less than 6% found it to be superior or somewhat superior and nearly 28% believe that the outcomes of both the methods are almost same.
(Source: Kolowich, 2012)
In another survey by Elaine Allen & Seaman (2012), that focused on the comparison of online learning and face-to-face learning in the USA from 2003 to 2011, it is found that, more than two-thirds of the respondents said that online outcome was almost same or better. This implies that one-third of the respondents said that they think that learning outcomes for online courses are inferior to the outcomes for face-to-face learning. It is also found that the trend is going downwards over the nine years during the tracking of this dimension, there are not much substantial change.
(Source: Elaine Allen & Seaman, 2012)
Conclusion
From the above report, it is found that, both the methods are popular among people, while opting for one method depends on many factors. As per the survey records, many people perceive that the learning outcomes are almost same or somewhat inferior relative to that of the face-to-face learning. Both of these methods have advantages and disadvantage. However, people’s perceptions are changing. As online learning provides more flexibility and convenience, the working people prefer these courses more than the face-to-face learning.
References
Elaine Allen, I., & Seaman, J. (2012). Going the Distance: Online Education in the United States, 2011. Onlinelearningsurvey.com. Retrieved 29 November 2017, from https://www.onlinelearningsurvey.com/reports/goingthedistance.pdf
Erstad, W. (2017). Online vs. Traditional Education: What You Need to Know. Rasmussen.edu. Retrieved 29 November 2017, from https://www.rasmussen.edu/student-life/blogs/college-life/online-vs-traditional-education-answer-never-expected/
Gaya, J. (2013). Pros And Cons Of Campus Learning Vs Online Learning. eLearning Industry. Retrieved 29 November 2017, from https://elearningindustry.com/pros-and-cons-of-campus-learning-vs-online-learning
Jaggars, S. S. (2014). Choosing between online and face-to-face courses: Community college student voices. American Journal of Distance Education, 28(1), 27-38.
Jolliffe, A., Ritter, J., & Stevens, D. (2012). The online learning handbook: Developing and using web-based learning. Routledge.
Kolowich, S. (2012). Conflicted: Faculty and Online Education, 2012. Insidehighered.com. Retrieved 29 November 2017, from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/survey/conflicted-faculty-and-online-education-2012
Marchand, G. C., & Gutierrez, A. P. (2012). The role of emotion in the learning process: Comparisons between online and face-to-face learning settings. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(3), 150-160.
McConnell, T. J., Parker, J. M., Eberhardt, J., Koehler, M. J., & Lundeberg, M. A. (2013). Virtual professional learning communities: Teachers’ perceptions of virtual versus face-to-face professional development. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(3), 267-277.
Sacob.com. (2017). Face to Face Learning vs Online Distance Learning. Sacob.com. Retrieved 29 November 2017, from https://www.sacob.com/blog/face-to-face-learning-vs-online-distance-learning
Salmon, G. (2013). E-tivities: The key to active online learning. Routledge.
Shalev-Shwartz, S. (2012). Online learning and online convex optimization. Foundations and Trends® in Machine Learning, 4(2), 107-194.
Xu, D., & Jaggars, S. S. (2013). Adaptability to Online Learning: Differences across Types of Students and Academic Subject Areas. CCRC Working Paper No. 54. Community College Research Center, Columbia University.
Zhu, C. (2012). Student satisfaction, performance, and knowledge construction in online collaborative learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 15(1), 127.
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