The Impact of Transportation on Pollution and Traffic Issues

Discuss about the Impact of Excessive Transportation on Pollution.

The different issues of pollution are being enhanced through the over usage of transportation in the different nations.  The excessive transportation has affected the traffic conditions and has contributed to different levels of pollution that affects the livelihood of the humans and the other organisms that resides in the regions. The technological innovations have brought about modifications in the standard of living of the people (Silva  2015). However, the excess of the technological innovations and scientific advancements has created a lot of havoc in the simplistic lives of the communities.

The research will be examining the different aspects of the impacts that are laid by the excessive usage of transportation and the manner in which it contributes to the pollution and heavy traffic while travelling. The research will be done on a secondary basis through evaluation of the journals and other early published literature which will enhance the understanding of the different levels of issues that are faced by the people due to an increase in the transportation.   The main purpose of the research is to identify the manner in which excessive transportation brings in excessive traffic and noise pollution. 

Bugliarello, Alexandre  and Barnes (2014) stated that noise pollution is an inevitable impact that is created by the excess of transportation facilities. It is also based on the seizure of relevant technologies that affects the on- road considerations of the people while travelling. The growth of the transportation in the roads has affected the experience of the people while traveling to the distant places (Profillidis,   Botzoris  and Galanis  2014). Road blocks and accidents are the major issues that are faced by the humans due to an increase in the transportation. On the other hands, the excess of transportation has also enhanced the levels of noise pollution in the different restricted regions like schools, libraries and hospitals.   Holzman (2014) stated that the identification of the main issues that are faced by the people due to excessive transportation on the roads has led governments of the different nations to form policies to restrict the growth of the transportation. Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau and the Beijing Commission of Transport have taken steps to bring in changes in the policies to reduce the rate of transpiration in the streets through promoting the usage of bikes rather than four wheelers. It will be helping the government to reduce the chances of road blocks.  On the other hand, De Kluizenaar et al. (2013) stated that French Government has taken steps to promote the utilization of public transport to reduce the effects of increasing transportation and their impact on the noise pollution and the excessive traffic issues.

Current State of Pollution and Traffic Issues in Jeddah

The issues that are faced by Jeddah, the city located in the realms of Saudi Arabia is dependent on the excessive growth of the transportation.  Commercialization of the city and the excessive development of the same has helped in enhancing the standard of living of the people which resulted them to buy better lifestyle. The excessive growth of transportation has affected the pollution index of the city drastically. According to Zytoon (2016), the city’s development in the last 30 years has contributed to the pollution index by 61.22, which is higher and catastrophic at the same time.

The aim of the research is to evaluate the current state of noise pollution and traffic issues in Jeddah through excessive growth of transportations and commercialization.

• To identify the impact of excessive growth of transportation on the levels of noise pollution in Jeddah
• To examine the manner in which the growth of transportation enhances the traffic related issues in Jeddah
• To evaluate the different measures that can be taken to reduce the growth of transportation related issues in Jeddah

The researcher of the study will be undertaking different types of approaches, designs and strategies for deriving appropriate results of the study. The identification of the proper approach, philosophy and design of the research helps the researcher in undertaking steps to bring in the desired result of the study.

The Research philosophy helps the researcher to enhance the essence of the research through the identification and implementation of the effective research paradigm. The Research philosophy is mainly comprised of positivism, interpretivism, realism and pragmatism. The researcher, while evaluating the current study, will be undertaking positivism as it will help to identify the existence of reality through the utilization of scientifically proven techniques. Positivism will be helping the researcher to evaluate the manner in which the excessive growth of transportation affects the levels of noise pollution and traffic issues that are faced by the humans and the other organisms (Gan et al. 2012). The advancement in the technology will be better judged through the utilization of the different scientifically proven models and thereby helps in deducing the results of the research. Through the identification of Positivism philosophy, the researcher will be taking steps to identify the different issues that might be faced by the city relating to the pollution. It will be helping the researcher to derive the results based on the identification of the issues that are faced by Jeddah due to the excessive growth of transportation (Murphy  and King  2014).

The research approach is the most important step that is required to be taken by the researcher before conducting the study. The identification of every step for undertaking the study will be helping the researcher to derive the proper results. The research approach can be basically segregated into two types, namely – inductive approach and deductive approach. The researcher, for undertaking the research on the concerned topic has chosen the inductive approach, which will be helping the researcher to frame new set of models and theories after deducing the outcome of the research. The identification of the new models will be helping the researcher to shed light on the different issues that are faced by the people due to the excessive growth of the transportation facilities (Nadi  and Murad  2017). The identification of the different aspects of the change in the approach and the manner in which the current models will be helping the researcher to come up with a new model that supports the view of the impacts of growth of transportation is facilitated through the inductive approach (Oyedepo  2012).

Methodology

The identification of the research design helps the researcher to bring in changes in the systems of the study to derive the estimated result of the study. Research design can be of three different types, namely- explanatory research design, exploratory research design and descriptive research design.  As per the needs of the current research, the researcher has chosen the explanatory research design, which will be helping the same to identify the issues that are faced by Jeddah due to the rise in the transportation and the manner in which it affects the noise and light pollution levels (Brown  2014). The explanatory research design helps in understanding the cause-  effect relationship through the forecast of the outcomes of the ongoing process. The identification of the different issues relating to the growth of the transportation and its impact on the pollution levels of the commercialized city is facilitated through the identification of the research design.

The identification of the data collection process is dependent on the understanding of the topic and the manner in which the data collection can be undertaken to suffice the needs of the research. There are two techniques of data collection, namely Primary data collection procedure and Secondary data collection procedure. The researcher is planning to undertake the secondary data collection procedure in which the study will be based on the evaluation of the current literature, peer reviewed journals, articles, books and websites. The current literature will be based on the different impacts of the growth of transportation and the manner in which it affected noise pollution and  traffic issues in Jeddah (Cohen,  Boniface and Watkins  2014). The data collection process that is undertaken by the researcher will be helping the same to bring in clear interventions on the effects of excessive utilization of transportation and the manner in which it affects the pollution levels in the city of Jeddah. 

The data analysis is the most important part of the research that the researcher aims at undertaking as it helps in deriving the results of the research that is planned by the researcher. The study will be based on qualitative analysis of the research data that is acquired through the secondary research technique. The Qualitative data analysis will be helping the researcher to identify the different issues through comparison of the current literature, journals, articles and websites. The qualitative analysis of the growth of the transportation and the manner in which it affects the noise pollution and traffic is judged through the comparison of the different data that is derived from the available articles and websites.

Research Philosophy

The ethical considerations play a major role while evaluating the data that is gathered through comparison of the outside sources as it influences the outcome of the research. The checks on the authenticity of the sources that are used by the researcher helps in deducing the proper information on excessive growth of transportation and the manner in which it influences noise pollution and issues relating to the overburdened traffic (Zytoon  2016). The considerations that are required to be taken by the researcher is based on checking the authenticity of the articles that is being reviewed to develop the literature review of the research.

The limitations that might be faced by the researcher while undertaking the research is due to the low availability of time and availability of authentic literature that will be supporting the assessment of the research topic. The different issues that might be faced by the researcher is due to the lower availability of data on the excessive use of transportation and the manner in which it affects the desired result of the research.  

Table 1: Table showing the timeframe of the entire research

(Source: As created by author)

Conclusion

Therefore, from the above analysis it can be stated that the research will be based on deriving results based on the evaluation of the current literature on excessive growth of transportation in Jeddah. The growth of transportation in the city has affected the pollution index of the city, which has grown abruptly within the past 30 years of the city’s technological advancement. The identification of the methodology that will be used by the researcher will be helping the same to derive the probable and assumed result. On the other hand, the study will be based on the identification of the different key elements of the issues that are faced by the people due to the excessive growth of the transportation.

References

Brown, A.L., 2014, October. An overview of concepts and past findings on noise events and human response to surface transport noise. In INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings (Vol. 249, No. 6, pp. 1925-1932). Institute of Noise Control Engineering.

Bugliarello, G., Alexandre, A. and Barnes, J., 2014. The impact of noise pollution: a socio-technological introduction. Elsevier.

Cohen, J.M., Boniface, S. and Watkins, S., 2014. Health implications of transport planning, development and operations. Journal of Transport & Health, 1(1), pp.63-72.

De Kluizenaar, Y., van Lenthe, F.J., Visschedijk, A.J., Zandveld, P.Y., Miedema, H.M. and Mackenbach, J.P., 2013. Road traffic noise, air pollution components and cardiovascular events. Noise and Health, 15(67), p.388.

Gan, W.Q., McLean, K., Brauer, M., Chiarello, S.A. and Davies, H.W., 2012. Modeling population exposure to community noise and air pollution in a large metropolitan area. Environmental research, 116, pp.11-16.

Holzman, D.C., 2014. Fighting noise pollution: a public health strategy. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122(2), p.A58.

Murphy, E. and King, E., 2014. Environmental noise pollution: Noise mapping, public health, and policy. Newnes.

Nadi, P.A. and Murad, A., 2017. Reviewing the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) to measure Sustainable Urban Transport performance. Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology, 2(2), pp.171-177.

Oyedepo, S.O., 2012. Noise pollution in urban areas: The neglected dimensions. Environmental Research Journal, 6(4).

Profillidis, V.A., Botzoris, G.N. and Galanis, A.T., 2014. Environmental effects and externalities from the transport sector and sustainable transportation planning-a review. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4(4), p.647.

Silva, L.T., 2015. Environmental quality health index for cities. Habitat International, 45, pp.29-35.

Zytoon, M.A., 2016. Opportunities for environmental noise mapping in saudi arabia: A case of traffic noise annoyance in an urban area in Jeddah City. International journal of environmental research and public health, 13(5), p.496.