The report provides an overview about the subsidiary role of agriculture in development policy with reference to chosen Asian economy, Taiwan. Agriculture sector has made significant contribution to economic development of all the Asian countries over the past few years. Since the Taiwan economy has been predominantly agricultural, this sector is the basic source of their food, raw materials and investment capital as needed by industrial sector. Agriculture sector contributes passively to the development by providing food as well as labor to process of industrialization. This view has been swept aside by dynamism of green revolution in the Asian countries during the year 1960. This green revolution succeeded in increasing production and since then this sector grew faster in developing world. In this aspect, the engagement of modern techniques and technology used by the nations to enhance total productivity is also discussed in this study. In addition, some of the key aspect of agricultural sector and its role in contribution to economic and social aspect of Taiwan is also analyzed in this paper. The report also illustrates about some problems faced by this sector in recent decades. Furthermore, few programs and measures such as land reforms used by Taiwan are also elucidated in this study.
In the 21st century, agriculture has been considered as the fundamental tool for reduction of poverty and sustainable development. Taiwan economy has been hugely dominated by this agricultural industry as it makes huge contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) and the total exports and employment. In addition, it also contributes to rural development, food security and conservation of this nation. Even though agriculture is important to food security and employment, this has been given subsidiary role in the development policy (Boestel 2013). The Agricultural development Statute program promulgated by the government of this nation has been identified as the milestone, which marked transformation of their development policy from squeezing to supporting agriculture. There are many features stated in this Statute that provides basis for favorable contemplation to this sector. These includes-
Refer to appendix-(Figure 1)
Following this Statute program, the development policies are illustrated below:
Owing to huge competition in global market, improvement in quality of product and increase in value of output have become vital components of “blue-ocean” strategy for Taiwan’s agricultural sector. Some of the key aspects of the agricultural sector of Taiwan are –
According to recent statistics of the year 2016, it has been seen that the agricultural sector of Taiwan contributes to about 62064 TWD million of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In combination with tourism and agriculture sector, it basically contributes to 11% of this nation GDP. This nation exports around USD $5 billion worth of agricultural commodities to many countries such as US, Japan, China, Canada etc. In addition, this country also imports some of the agricultural products. Imports of the agricultural commodities also increase owing to WTO accession, which in turn help to open protected agricultural markets (Islam 2016). This industry employs near about 540,000 individuals in this nation that is about 5% of total population. For the last few years, the agricultural sector of this nation has also diversified their trade markets. This sector also contributes to meeting the societal goals that includes development of some rural areas, preservation of their cultural heritage, security of food and so on. This sector leads to development of the rural sector, which in turn aids in reducing poverty of this nation. As large number of individuals gets employed, it leads to improvement in their standard of living. It has been stated by Islam (2016) that there is direct relationship between the cultural heritage preservation and agriculture mainly because of two reasons that includes-
Furthermore, preservation of cultural heritage in this nation is also actualized via role of this sector as manufacturer of collective products. However, this is also used as resource for local communities of this country.
Refer to appendix-(Figure2)
Green revolution led to engagement of modern techniques as well as technology in the agricultural sector of this economy in order to increase overall productivity. It has been argued by some researchers that owners of agriculture farms are the adapters of new technologies mainly because of higher access to irrigation, fertilizers, seeds and water (Conway, Gordon and Edward 2013). This nation used cloud information technology for increasing competitiveness of agricultural sector in this nation. The government of this nation has also instituted traceability system of agricultural commodity that utilizes cloud technology and provides service to those individuals who requires it in agri- business. For increasing safety of agricultural products, the government of Taiwan promotes several certification systems that includes organic agriculture, GAP and strengthening the verification as well as certification bodies for labeling to manufacture safe goods and protect their consumers health (Pingali 2012).
The agricultural sector of this nation faces several problems at the present time, which includes-
The programs or measures applied by this nation are given below:-
I agree with the statement that agriculture is given subsidiary role in the development policy even though it is important for food security and employment. The main reason behind this is that this sector contributes to livelihood, economic activities and also provides environmental services. But there are certain cases that reflect that there are several failures relative to utilization of agriculture fir development. However, in several agriculture based nations, anemic per capita growth in agriculture has been seen along with less structural transformations.
Conclusion
From the above report, it can be concluded that agriculture sector plays vital role in development policy of Taiwan. This nation has achieved success in adopting advanced agricultural technology specifically research stations, extension services etc. Due to this, it leads to improvement in the agricultural development in the economy. This however improved both the industrial as well as service, reduced poverty, developed rural areas and thus enhances economic growth of this nation. Furthermore, although this nation faces huge agricultural problems, the programs implemented by their government helps them to mitigate these issues and enhance agricultural growth.
References
Boestel, Joanna, Penelope Francks, and Choo Hyop Kim. Agriculture and economic development in East Asia: from growth to protectionism in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Routledge, 2013.
Bowler, I. R. “3 STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE.” Progress in Rural Geography (Routledge Revivals) (2014): 46.
Conway, Gordon R., and Edward B. Barbier. After the green revolution: sustainable agriculture for development. Routledge, 2013.
Council of Agriculture, R. (2018). Taiwan’s New Power of Agriculture – the Training and Prospective of Young Farmers?Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, R.O.C.(Taiwan). [online] Eng.coa.gov.tw. Available at: https://eng.coa.gov.tw/ws.php?id=2505305 [Accessed 27 Feb. 2018].
Guangcai, Xu, Shi Yajun, Xie Xiangyan, Wu Huimin, and Ma Xiaolei. “Study on the Standard System for Leisure Agriculture [J].” Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 15 (2012): 061.
Islam, Nurul, ed. Agricultural policy in developing countries. Springer, 2016.
Nedunchezhiyan, Maniyam, Susantha K. Jata, and Gangadharan Byju. “Sweet potato-based cropping systems.” Fruit Veg. Cereal Sci. Biotechnol. 6, no. SI 1 (2012): 11-16.
Otsuka, Keijiro. “Food insecurity, income inequality, and the changing comparative advantage in world agriculture.” Agricultural Economics 44, no. s1 (2013): 7-18.
Pingali, Prabhu L. “Green Revolution: Impacts, limits, and the path ahead.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 31 (2012): 12302-12308.
Prosterman, Roy L., and Tim Hanstad. “Land Reform in the Twenty-First Century: New Challenges, New Responses.” Seattle Journal for Social Justice 3, no. 1 (2012): 25.
Shaojun, Z. H. A. N. G. “Effect of Intertillage and Subsoiling on Soil Moisture of Different Crops.” Agricultural Science&Technology and Equipment 4 (2012): 012.
Thorbecke, Erik, and Henry Wan, eds. Taiwan’s Development Experience: Lessons on Roles of Government and Market. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
Tradingeconomics.com. (2018). Taiwan GDP From Agriculture | 1981-2018 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/taiwan/gdp-from-agriculture [Accessed 12 Mar. 2018].
Wiseman, Hannah J. “Remedying regulatory diseconomies of scale.” BUL Rev. 94 (2014): 235.
Yang, Dennis Tao, and Xiaodong Zhu. “Modernization of agriculture and long-term growth.” Journal of Monetary Economics 60, no. 3 (2013): 367-382.
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