Altered mental status is usually encountered among patient in hospitals. It is basically a change in emotional, intellectual, personality functioning, psychological, and typically accompanied by changes in behavior, and in case of the hospitalized patients it is nearly acute always (Xiao, et al.,, 2012). It is not an analysis but rather a collection of the variable, general neurologic symptoms demanding a further description of the cause. It can be categorized using three wide clinical areas: encephalopathic, psychiatric, or disease processes limited to the intracranial substances. Psychiatric mental conditions that may lead to altered mental status comprise schizophrenia and other mental illness, mania mainly due to the bipolar disorders, harshly decompensated chief depression, and quick development of dementia (Han, & Wilber, 2013). The Acute encephalopathy results in altered mental status due to the comprehensive brain dysfunction causing from alterable complete metabolic or toxic courses. An intracranial condition such as hemorrhage, stroke, or neoplasm may lead to the altered mental condition due to their native or universal impacts on the brain. The diseased person identified with altered mental status can be categorized as hypoactive or hyperactive (Xiao, Wang et al., 2012). Appearances of the hyperactive condition may include improved psychomotor action, labile mood, agitation, and behavioral instabilities. Hypoactive alterations may include reduced psychomotor action, an altered level of awareness, depressive affect, or drawing. A change in mental condition refers to common changes in the function of the brain, such as amnesia, confusion, (memory loss), loss of attentiveness, disorientation and faults in thought or judgment (Xiao et al., 2012). In this specific written assignment, the principles of nursing that meet the requirement of people with the altered mental condition in the hospital will be discussed.
Superior attention should be provided within the limits of these values or principles and according to the context of local law linking to the safety of minors to defend the human rights of minors, counting, if essential, the appointment of an own illustrator other than the family person (Caplan, 2013).
Nurses need to treat every person with kindness and dignity; they must recognize patient’s personal requirements and show sympathy and sensitivity, and deliver care in such a way that compliments and respect all the people with altered mental health (Caplan, 2013).
The nurses should consider the confidentiality if the patient’s information. The right of privacy of information regarding all people to whom these Values apply must be appreciated (Appari, & Johnson, 2010).
(a) The investigative assessment;
(b) The reason, process, Likely period and predictable advantage of the planned treatment;
(c) Substitute modes of cure, counting those less invasive;
(d) Probable discomfort or pain, threats, and adverse effects of the planned cure (Storm, & Edwards, 2013).
(a) The diseased person is, at the related time, detained as an instinctive patient;
(b) An self-governing authority, having in its ownership all related data, counting the information, is fulfilled that, at the related time, the person lacks the capability to provide or refuse knowledgeable consent to the suggested plan of cure or, if local legislation so delivers, that, having respect to the person’s own protection or the wellbeing of others, the diseased person awkwardly refuses such consent (Durie, 2011).
(c) The self-governing authority is fulfilled that the suggested plan of cure is in the finest concern of the patient’s wellbeing requirements (Storm, & Edwards, 2013).
All the patient in a psychological health hospital setting should in specific possess the right to get full admiration or respect for their:
(a) Acknowledgment everywhere as an individual earlier the law;
(b) Privacy (Kakuma et al., 2011).
Nurses and other healthcare providers work together to ensure that the patient will receive a high-quality care and treatment that also reach to the client satisfaction
According to the report published by New Zealand College of mental health nursing (2004);
The principles for the specialized practice state the level of task performance needed the results to the projected and the background in which the medical task performance takes place (Fiorillo et al., 2011). The nurses should build a therapeutic communication with the patient with altered mental health status. The patient with mental issues often seems to be problematic and out of control, in this case, the nurses should not be irritated and deal with them calmly (Arvaniti et al., 2009). Sometimes the client’s behavior might be disturbing and aggressive; in that case, the nurses should protect themselves to and report to the concerning person or physician (Arvaniti et al., 2009).
Conclusion
The altered mental health issue is the psychological problem that encountered among the impatient. It is considered as the changes in the intellectual, emotional, mental, personal and brain functioning, which usually accompanied by the changes in the patient’s behaviors. Patient with Altered mental health issues often not dealt with dignity and appropriately the medical staff or nurses sometimes become rude and careless. Therefore these principles related to psychological health issues are essential to discuss. Some of the principles include considering the freedom and simple rights of the patient, protecting the minors, determining the mental health illness, keep the patient information confidential, providing standard care, involving them and their family in decision making, treatment that is going to be used should be discussed with them and their family, medication should be standardized, and the consent form should be taken from the patient and if the patient is incapable to provide the consent form then it should be discussed with their family member. The patients often ask for the presence of a family member or other relative in the treatment process, therefore it should be considered. The privacy for the patient should be provided, the patient should be informed in detail about the treatment process and the expected time it takes to recover, the nurses should follow the standard process of keeping the patient safe from infection, self-harm, harm or other injuries. The nurses should record the treatment and patient’s information in the medical record sheet.
References
Appari, A., & Johnson, M. E. (2010). Information security and privacy in healthcare: current state of research. International Journal of Internet and enterprise management, 6(4), 279-314.
Arvaniti, A., Samakouri, M., Kalamara, E., Bochtsou, V., Bikos, C., & Livaditis, M. (2009). Health service staff’s attitudes towards patients with mental illness. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 44(8), 658-665.
Bauer, A. M., & Alegría, M. (2010). Impact of patient language proficiency and interpreter service use on the quality of psychiatric care: a systematic review. Psychiatric Services, 61(8), 765-773.
Caplan, G. (2013). An approach to community mental health (4th ed.). New York: Routledge.
Cleary, M., Hunt, G. E., Horsfall, J., & Deacon, M. (2012). Nurse-patient interaction in acute adult inpatient mental health units: a review and synthesis of qualitative studies. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33(2), 66-79.
Durie, M. (2011). Indigenizing mental health services: New Zealand experience. Transcultural Psychiatry, 48(1-2), 24-36
Elder, R., Evans, K., & Nizette, D. (2011). Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing-E-Book (2nd ed.). NSW: Elsevier Health Sciences.
Fiorillo, A., De Rosa, C., Del Vecchio, V., Jurjanz, L., Schnall, K., Onchev, G., & Georgiadou, E. (2011). How to improve clinical practice on involuntary hospital admissions of psychiatric patients: suggestions from the EUNOMIA study. European Psychiatry, 26(4), 201-207.
Grol, R., Wensing, M., Eccles, M., & Davis, D. (Eds.). (2013). Improving patient care: the implementation of change in health care (2nd ed.). New Jersey, US; John Wiley & Sons.
Han, J. H., & Wilber, S. T. (2013). Altered mental status in older patients in the emergency department. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 29(1), 101-136.
Kakuma, R., Minas, H., van Ginneken, N., Dal Poz, M. R., Desiraju, K., Morris, J. E., & Scheffler, R. M. (2011). Human resources for mental health care: current situation and strategies for action. The Lancet, 378(9803), 1654-1663.
Molodynski, A., Rugkåsa, J., & Burns, T. (2010). Coercion and compulsion in community mental health care. British medical bulletin, 95(1), 105-119.
Mullen, A. (2009). Mental health nurses establishing psychosocial interventions within acute inpatient settings. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 18(2), 83-90.
New Zealand college of mental health nursing (2004). Standard of practice for mental health nursing in New Zealand (2nd edition). Retrieved from: https://www.nzcmhn.org.nz/files/file/10/Standards%20full%20copy%20for%20website1.pdf
Patel, V., & Prince, M. (2010). Global mental health: a new global health field comes of age. Jama, 303(19), 1976-1977.
Slade, M. (2010). Mental illness and well-being: the central importance of positive psychology and recovery approaches. BMC health services research, 10(1), 26.
Storm, M., & Edwards, A. (2013). Models of user involvement in the mental health context: intentions and implementation challenges. Psychiatric Quarterly, 84(3), 313-327.
Stuart, G. W. (2014). Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing-E-Book (10th ed.). Missouri: Elsevier Health Sciences.
Videbeck, S., & Videbeck, S. (2013). Psychiatric-mental health nursing (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Xiao, H. Y., Wang, Y. X., Teng-da Xu, H. D. Z., Guo, S. B., Wang, Z., & Yu, X. Z. (2012). Evaluation and treatment of altered mental status patients in the emergency department: life in the fast lane. World journal of emergency medicine, 3(4), 270.
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