HCA 503 Legal and Eth ical Issues for Health Care Professionals Text: Legal and Ethical Issues for Health Professionals Second Edition, 2010 ISBN-13: 9780763764739 Author: George D. Pozgar Publisher: JB LearningMultiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet) l. examines an individual’s view of what is right and wrong. Macro-ethics Ethical theory Micro-ethics Consequential ethics Moral values The critical study of major moral precepts, such as what things are right and what things are good, is referred to as _ morality general normative ethics distributive justice morality virtues The theory of ethics emphasizes that the morally right action is whatever action leads to the maximum balance of good over evil. non-consequential rei igious secular consequential normative 4. The theory of ethics that focuses on one’s duties to others. Discernment Normative Teleological Consequential Deontological The were a turning point where essential commands such as “thou shalt not kill” or “commit adultery” were accepted as law. normative eth ics Ten Commandments virtuous morals Code of Hammurabi) None of the above. 6. One who has control over his/her own actions is _ virtuous ethical compassionate autonomous hopeful 7. describes the principle of doing good, demonstrating kindness, showing compassion and helping others. Beneficence Nonmaleficence Justice Compassion Virtue 8. An ethical principle that requires caregivers to avoid causing patients harm. beneficence justice Nonmaleficence Medical paternalism Consequential 9. Justice that implies that all are treated fairly. Moral Disproportional Conditional Distributive Common 10. Abortion issues _ may involve breaking some ethical norm or value system involves a mother’s rights inolves the rights of a fetus state’s interests in protecti ng life All of the above. 11. The first trimester of a pregnancy in Roe v. Wade involves _ a state’s right to regulate abortion procedures in ways reasonably related to maternal health an abortion decision between a woman and her physician a state’s right to prohibit all abortions the Supreme Court’s right to decide a woman’s right to abortion on a case by case basis a state’s right to decide a woman’s right to abortion on a case by case basis 12. The third trimester of a pregnancy involves _ a state’s right to prohibit all abortions except those deemed necessary to protect maternal I ife or health an abortion decision between a woman and her physician a state’s right to prohibit all abortions the Supreme Court’s right to decide a woman’s right to abortion on a case by case basis a state’s right to decide a woman’s right to abortion on a case by case basis 13. Doe v. Bolton struck down procedural requirements imposed by state statutes involving residency performance of abortion in a hospital accredited by Joint Commission approval by committee of medical staff consultations All of the above. 14. AIDS _ is considered deadliest epidemic in human history first appeared in literature in 1981 has taken the lives of more than 21 million people is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) All of the above. The semen from a donor other than the spouse’s seminal fluid into a woman to induce pregnancy is referred to as _ heterologous artificial i nsemi nation semen donation from the spouse homologous insemination steri I ization None of the above. 16. describes how people are treated when their interests compete. Justice Virtue Morality All of the above. None of the above. 17. Organizations conducting clinical trials on human subjects must _ disclose inherent risks, benefits, and treatment alternatives to all immediate relatives be sure the patient is incompetent to consent obtain consent from the patient’s best friend educate staff as to potential side effects, implementation of, and on-going monitoring of protocols All of the above. 18. Euthanasia is defined broadly as a _ Greek word for “help me” mercy killing of the hopelessly ill DNR order futility of treatment withdrawal of treatment 19. Voluntary euthanasia occurs when a _ competent adult patient with an incurable condition who has been informed of the possible ramifications and alternatives available gives consent a person other than the incurable decides to terminate the life of one who is incompetent to make a decision there is an intentional commission of an act that will result in death treatment is involuntarily discontinued a physician assists the patient in suicide 20. According to the, health care organizations have a responsibility to explain to patients, staff, and families that patients have legal rights to direct their medical and nursing care as it corresponds to existing state law. Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act Legislative enactment Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990 Futility of Treatment Act DNR Statute 21. A Durable Power of Attorney for health care is _ a legal device that permits one individual known as the “attorney-in-fact” to give to another person called the “principal” the authority to act on his or her behalf to make health care decisions a legal device that permits one individual known as the “principal” to give to another person called the “attorney-in-fact” the authority to act on his or her behalf in all financial matters an illegal device that permits one individual known as the “principal” to give to another person called the “attorney-in-fact” the authority to act on his or her behalf a legal device that permits one individual known as the “principal” to give to another person called the “attorney-in-fact” the authority to act on his or her behalf in making health care decisions None of the above. 22. was the first state to legalize physician-assisted suicide. New York California Michigan Oregon Florida 23. Do not resuscitate orders are given by _ nurses and indicate that, in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest, no resuscitative measures should be used to revive the patient physicians and indicate that, in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest, resuscitative measures should be used to revive the patient physicians and indicate that, in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest, no resuscitative measures should be used to revive the patient cardiac therapists and indicate that, in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest, no resuscitative measures should be used to revive the patient by respiratory therapists and indicate that, in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest, no resuscitative measures should be used to revive the patient 24. The goals of the Ethics Committee include which of the following? Guidance for patients, family, and decisions makers Make decisions about patients’ treatments Clarifying situations that are ethical, legal, religious and extend beyond the scope of daily practice all of the above a and conly Every human being of adult years has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body. A surgeon who performs an operation without his patient’s consent commits an assault for which he is liable for damages. In re Storar Schloendorff v. Society of New York HospitaJ2 In re Spring In re Dinnerstein People v. EuloMultiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet) 1. An ethics committee serves as a hospital resource to _ patients families caregivers guardians All of the above. 2. Ethics committees should be structured to include _ a wide range of community leaders persons in positions of political stature, respect and diversity only hospital caregivers a and b only All of the above. 3. The goals of the ethics committee are to _ promote the rights of patients promote shared decision-making between patients and their clinicians assist the patient and family, as appropriate, in coming to consensus with the options that best meet the patient’s goal for care promote fair policies and procedures that maximize the likelihood of achieving good, patient centered outcomes All of the above. 4. The functions of ethics committees are multifaceted and include _ development of policy guidelines to assist in resolving ethical dilemmas staff and community education conflict resolution case reviews, support and consultation All of the above. 5. Decision-making is not easy when there are _ alternative choices unlimited resources a variety of value beliefs from patients, family members and caregivers a and conly All of the above.6. The ethics committee is not a decision-maker but a resource that provides consultation to contract staff agency staff support staff patients engi neers 7. Patients and family should be encouraged to _ rely on caregivers to make patient decisions participate in patient care conflict resolution rely on paternalism have the ethics committee resolve all ethical dilemmas depend on the physician’s beliefs and values 8. Partial reasoning involves _ bias for or against a person based on one’s relationship with that person reasoning where one has already decided the correctness of something not knowing the reason for one’s beliefs believing in situational ethics None of the above. 9. A general rule of conduct that is enforced by the government is a _ regulation judicial decision law public law private law 10. When a law is violated, the government imposes a/an _ reward regu lation new law penalty None of the above.Laws that deal with the relationships between individuals and the government are referred toas _ criminal laws public laws private laws tort laws criminal laws 12. Laws dealing with relationships among individuals are referred to as _ private laws public laws contract law statutory law case law 13. Common law is derived from _ public laws written laws constitutional law statutes judicial decisions 14. U.S. common law has as its roots _ French common law Spanish common law English common law English statutory law French and Spanish legal system 15. Statutory law is _ enacted by the judicial branch of government is derived from judicial decisions a form of common law written law a, band conly 16. Statutory law can be amended, repealed or expanded by _ the judicial system the legislature common law case law None of the above.The unintentional commission or omission of an act that a reasonably prudent person would or would not do is a _ contract tort negl igent act crime duty to care 18. The violation of another person’s physical integrity is known as _ tort battery assault intentional tort band d only 19. The written word form of defamation is _ slander defamation assault libel evidence 20. The objectives of criminal law are to _ maintain public order and safety protect criminals use punishment as an encouragement to crime rehabilitate criminals for return to jail None of the above. 21. Health care involves an unlawful act, generally, deception for personal gain. contract tort crime tort-feasor fraud A written or oral agreement that involves legally binding obligations between two or more parties is a _ tort bylaws regulations contract evidence 23. Before the trial, facts are investigated in a process called _ discovery examination before trial findings pleadings hearsay 24. Principles of law that may relieve a defendant from liability include _ assumption of a Risk borrowed Servant Doctri ne contributory negligence good Samaritan laws All of the above. 25. Conduct expected of an individual in a given situation is called _ negligence tort battery standard of care All of the above.