Problem Background

The world is going through a transitional phase of technological advancement that incurs alternatives of human labour forces through the use of robotics technologies and artificial intelligences. The boon of science has procured sheer ease in the business sectors as well as the fields of war and rescue missions, the very machinery of administration and monitoring has become easy with the use of robotics technology. On the other hand, there are some limitations in the usage of robotic powers that hinder the normal flow of missions. This research will encompass the existence of the limitations that fosters necessity for research and development to enhance the quality of the services by robotics technology through nullifying the limitations.

On one hand, the robotics technology has eased the process of different rescue missions, war scenarios, administration issues and business functions (Bekey, 2012). On the other hand, there are some limitations of the use of the robotics that create hindrances for the users in executing the operation instead of investing huge money on availing the robotics services. In the process of rescue mission of 9/11 incident, the robots failed to go deep into the rubble for short tethered as the robotics cannot be used in water logged mines too. In the complex situation that are hard to be managed by human interference, the robotics are embraced but the limitations create problems in the process of implementing technologies of robots (Ambrose et al. 2006). There is lack of focus on procuring further research to develop the existing robotics technologies for driving away the limitations. Rather, the science is more focused on making new technologies whereas the need to develop the present robots to make those flawless is much more important for the users. The prime use of robotics can be seen in rescue operations as there is not any compatible robotics in rescue operations that can deal with a sudden and complex of the disaster sites.

In order to enable the robotics to deal with diversified problems, the research and development work is utterly needed for enhancement of the working ability (Wang et al. 2006). The real time limitations like lack of resistance for extreme temperature hamper the process of using robotics intelligence. There are immense needs for the next generation robotics to encompass the ability like sensor power, voice control to deliver adequate service to the private and government agencies that are incorporating the robotics technologies in services ranging from healthcare to war. This research will shed immense light on the process and importance of research in the trait of robotics intelligence for incurring development to overcome the limitations in implementation.

The aim of this research is to analyse the enhancing need for research and development of the robotics intelligence in order to mitigate the shortcomings.

The objectives of this research are:

• To identify the reasons behind the need for increasing need of research and development of the robotics intelligence
• To evaluate the factors causing limitations to the service of the robotics intelligence
• To determine possible barriers for research and development of the robotics intelligence
• To suggest fruitful recommendations to foster research of the robotics intelligence to overcome the limitations

The broad research question is:

There are sheer limitations in the practice of robotics intelligence either in war situation or situations like healthcare operations and rescue missions. There are need for research and development in the trait of artificial intelligences and robotics as the research thrives for identifying what are the causes of increasing need of research in the field of robotics technology.

Aim and Objectives

The sub research questions are:

1. What are the reasons behind the need for increasing need of research and development of the robotics intelligence?
2. What are the factors triggering limitations to the service of the robotics intelligence?
3. What are the potential barriers for research and development of the robotics intelligence?
4. What are the recommendations to foster research of the robotics intelligence to overcome the limitations?

This research has utter significance to evaluate the actual needs properly to acknowledge the immense limitations that are causing hindrances in the use of robotics technology in rescue missions and emergency services for the government agencies and purposes of private sectors. On the other hand, this study can ventilate sheer knowledge about the limitations of the robotics technology that needs to be managed and amended with adequate development process to foster the working capability in practical fields of fluctuating extreme situations. This research can also ventilate knowledge to make proper decisions to mitigate the barriers of the development process of robotics technology through implementing the recommendations gained from the knowledge obtained by this study.

The robotics technology encompasses a process of design and operation of the robots and computer systems to control the operations of the robots through processing the information and feedback systems. The robotics technology is generally used to develop the artificial machineries for substituting the activities of human labour force (Garcia et al. 2007). On the other hand, this technology is used in modern world in complex services like in war to detect the mine fields of the enemies whereas the robotics intelligence is also used in purposes of medical operations in amputation. Caterpillar plans and automated robot cranes are used in the purposes of construction. The auto industry has probably witnessed most of the use of robotics technologies as the process of manufacturing and distributing is completely based on robotics machineries. HOSPI is a popular and veteran robot used as couriers in the hospitals that has procured immense ease in the process of executing the operational deeds in the care provision (Okamoto et al. 2013). The use of robots is also evident in the hospitality sector as attendants and even dishwaters in restaurants. Combat robot is popular in the world culture from the 90’s of the last century as there were huge tournaments worldwide of robot boxing. From the advent of twenty first century, the robots are used for low invasive surgeries in medical traits. The batteries are generally used as the source of potential power for the robotics technologies whereas there are other power sources are hydraulics, solar systems and anaerobic digestion.  The robotic paradigms are generally used to control the robots through diverse situation as a robot needs to be operated manually for going through a dangerous mine field in war situations. The robotics technology was even used by US Marines to rescue the hostages in the attack of the World trade Centre (Buehler et al. 2006).

A major limitation in the robotics technology is the lack of diversification in the services as the stereotype services by the computer technologies create prevention to use the services in a completely different condition. The robotics technology suffers more as they are not capable of taking decisions of their own in complex a situation that hinders the process of working. The limited power supply of the robotics technology is a major limitation with the existence of utmost financial issues (Trimmer et al. 2013). The self intelligence system is not appropriate in the functions of the robots whereas there are immense limitations to allow the robots to work outside the defined parameter and the estimated computer programming. In the case of rescue system, the robots are not robust at most cases as this incurs sufferings for implementing the changes in the service quality.

Research Questions

There are lacks of real time mechanisms in the robotics technology as there are various examples where the robots become inactive or ineffective in a different situation to the computed annotations in the system. The aspect of short tether is another limitation of the military and rescue robots that create problems for the implementers to use the technology for fulfilling the aspiration in real time situation (Kline et al. 2006). In the robots of this generation, the limit of velocity is fixed and that create problems in case of emergency based operations and military executions. The synthesis technology of the robotics is weak along with the futile framework of the speech recognition that often fails to be interpreted by the robots. The existing technology of robotics has limited ability to comprehend open domain speech with murmuring and confusing words. On the other hand, errors in command recognition as well as malfunctions of executing systems are a major limitation of the modem robotics technology.

The current limitation of robotics technology needs to be answered in future generation articulations in order to make flawless technology to answer the limitations of real time experiences. The future generation technologies of robotics need to incorporate the aspect of sensory power that can be helpful to be more effective in the practices like mine detection. The large scale affordability of the robotics technology must be implemented in the use to eradicate the limitations one by one (Seth et al. 2011). The enhancement of participation to enhance knowledge can help the researcher to identify the shortcomings to develop the characteristics of the robots in the appreciation and interventions of the government sectors. The research infrastructure system must incorporate the real time limitations of the robotics use in order to foster the research works for perpetual development of the technological aspects of the robots. The improvising of robotic technology is evident to be used in the medical purposes through further development procedures. The robots of future generations need to keep in compatible pace with the changing fluctuations of the operating subjects (Siciliano et al. 2016).

On the other hand, the robotics technology must improve the aspects of speech recognition as it can help the program in diverse situations to be overruled by manual force for further directions to accomplish the objectives. There should be adequate systems in the programming of a robot to block the environmental noise to receive a clear command from the controller with sheer efficiency in the process of research and upgrade of existing technologies (Fitzpatrick et al. 2008). The development process must also include the service to engage the engagements of the users through additional users for obtaining the procurement of enhancing reliability of the robotics services. The researchers of the next generation must incorporate the current limitations in order to develop the programming and functions of the robotics.

The aspect of research and development is important for robotics technology as with the advancement of science, the limitations must be redeemed for further development in the use in practical field (Oriolo et al. 2010). The robotics usage must go through a transitional phase of development to make the services compatible with the fluctuation of the modern society demands. The research work is not industry-specified rather it focuses on developing new types of intelligences. The open sourcing of robotics focuses on Generation Robots to enhance the service quality and diversified abilities of the robot. The researchers intend to compatible the intelligence of automated robots with mouse and monkeys to make the technology self-reliance and fully controlled on behavioural aspects. On the other hand, the interjection of latest versions of technological instruments must be incorporated with the robotics technology in order to prepare the technology for dealing with diverse situations of practical field (Kim et al. 2010).

Significance of the Study

Figure 1: Research Onion

(Source: Saunders et al. 2009, p.52)

The sequence of the folds of the research onion will be followed coherently by the researcher in order to eradicate any chance of flaw in the research process. The six pulps and layers can help the researcher in order to make a flawless research to gather knowledge about the need of research to eliminate limitations from the use of robotics technology (Kidd et al. 2011). The proper following of the layers will help the researcher to furnish the research process in accurate manner to derive the knowledge with intense ease.

There are three main research philosophies as positivism, interpretivism and realism that can be adopted by a research to conduct a research. Positivism helps a researcher to follow the accurate facts and truths to gather knowledge whereas interpretivism focuses on the perceptions (Mackey et al. 2015). In this research, the researcher will embrace positivism philosophy in order to deal proficiently with the collected data in logical manner and scientific techniques. On the other hand, interpretivism and realism will not be adopted in this research as there are no scopes for psychological interpretation and assumptions.

The appropriate selection of research approach can help the researcher to make the study flawless and coherent to maintain the availability of the data collection process. There are two research approaches that are inductive and deductive (Taylor et al. 2015). An inductive approach is generally adopted for generating brand new theories based on the observations of the knowledge. On the other hand, deductive approach helps to deduce data from collected knowledge. The researcher will select deductive approach for retrieving knowledge from the collected information as inductive approach will be denied for having no scope to generate new theories.

There are mainly four types of research strategy available for the researchers that are survey, interview, scientific experiments and case study analysis. Survey technique is mainly used for collect primary data from the respondents whereas interview is also used for collecting primary data from the respondents (Mackenzie et al. 2007). On the other hand, the strategies of literature review and case study analysis is mainly used for analysing secondary data. The researcher will use the analysis of literature review and case study analysis to collect relevant secondary data for obtaining adequate knowledge about the research topic about the need of development of the robotics technology for mitigating the limitations in practical use.

The requirements of research design are important in a research in order to enable a researcher for acquiring relevant data through justified research mannerism and accurate evidences (Kothari, 2004). There are mainly three types of research design available for researchers that are explanatory, exploratory and descriptive. The researcher will use descriptive research design as it will help the researcher to gain information on the independent variables of the research topic. The rest two designs will be ignored as there will be no need to acquire relationship data or background information of the variables.

There are mainly two types of data in a research that are primary and secondary data. The primary data is collected from the respondents through survey and interview whereas the secondary data is mainly obtained from relevant books and journals along with authentic web sources and organisational reports (Wang et al. 2008). In this researcher, the researcher will collect relevant secondary data from existing literature on robotics technology along with the needs of research and development in this trait.

Literature Review

There are mainly three types of data collection method that are qualitative method, quantitative method and the last is the amalgamation of both methods into a mixed method. The mix method incorporates the salient features of the qualitative and quantitative data collection to formulate an overall method to collect relevant data for obtaining sustainable knowledge to articulate the reasons of the necessity to research for developing the services of the technologies of robotics engineering (Dogangil et al. 2010). The researcher will obtain mixed method to collect relevant secondary data from the authentic literature to generate accumulated answers to the research questions.

The sample population for this research is approximately 40 whereas the sorting process will be performed by the researcher to get a solid sample size of six relevant and most authentic journal articles or books. The sample size will be taken into consideration for further process of evaluation to extort knowledge from the secondary knowledge to accomplish the research objectives. On the other hand, inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used by the researcher to filter the sample population of literary sources based on specific criteria. The researcher will focus on the literary sources after 2006 to get latest updates of the research and development process in robotics technology. On the other hand, any literary data with limited availability of only abstract in online library will be excluded from the sample size in this research. On the other hand, wrong design format of the studies are also evaluated to exclude from the database of the research study.

The researcher will accumulate all the data based on filter criteria to find the common and uncommon in those literary sources. The relevant data will be taken into consideration for making an in depth analysis through the processes like article review and thematic analysis. The researcher will make the final decisions in course of conducting the research in practical process as both the data analysis processes can be used whereas a single process can also be used based on the quality and types of collected data (Denzin et al. 2011). The researcher will make certain themes from the research topic to discuss the knowledge based on relevant literature.

The research report will be valid for one year as the rapid enhancement and development of the robotics technologies will make fluctuating changes in the sector of research and development. Thus, the outcome of this research will be applicable for the next 12 months without any fail as the results can be used in practical purposes to foster development in the robotics sector to mitigate the limitations. On the other hand, the outcome will be solemn reliable as the complete process of data collection and analysis will be conducted with sheer efficiency by the researcher to avoid any manipulation or flaw.

The research will be conducted through maintaining the ethical guidelines of the research process with utmost proficiency. The researcher will follow the norms explained by the Data Protection Act 2013 of Australia in course of conducting the research process (Blessing et al. 2009). Along with that, the researcher will make sure the eradication of any possible use of the collected data in commercial purpose as the knowledge will only be used in academic purposes. The researcher will not manipulate the data collected from the secondary literary sources whereas the researcher will also acknowledge the credits of the sources of the data for avoiding the wrongful deed of plagiarism.

Concept and Use of Robotics Technology

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