Section 1: Economic Evaluation Questions

Problem 3.1

a)

b)

2.

Answer to question 1:

The word “reconnaissance” is majorly use by the armed forces for the monitoring activity. In this context the word reconnaissance denotes that the current scenarios. In the planning process, the planner needs to assess the current environment of the objectives and they cruciate monitor the components that they have to arrange so that the goals are attained. Further this is not only limited to monitoring rather this also scrutinise the possibilities and threats that might affect the planning procedure (Belle, 2017).

Whereas the feasibility study determines the viability on an idea. Moreover, it is the comparison of the plan with the justifiable legal, economic and technical forces. Which are necessary to be hold in consideration for the proper execution of the project. In the common sense, the words reconnaissance and feasibility are different on the projection of them. One is utilised before planning and the other one is after planning (Ashworth & Perera, 2018).

 The A+B bidding contracts are commonly address as the cost plus time bidding. Form the definition it is clearly ascertainable that the bided contacts contains two components

• A-  The cost of the bid ( investment)
• B= The time requirement to complete the project

In this type of project, the bidder must have made proper estimation of time and cost. Moreover, the contractor will focus on the effectiveness in the project execution.

Design-bid-build contracting means the designing, bidding and building process contracting. This is the traditional method of contacting which differentiated agency or the contractor will create. Every contractor is liable for different parts of the project like construction drawings, technical specification and others (Smol et al., 2015).

Both the study elaborates the methods of contracting. A+B method denoted the cost and time requirement but the design-bid-build contracting signifies and deliver every part of designing of the project.

In the project determination cost, benefit analysis is a significant part for the determination of benefits if the alternative option is used. This means the benefits, which will be enjoyable if the alternative process is utilised in the project. The strengths and the weaknesses are note down by this analysis. Furthermore all the projects requires the cost benefit analysis except where there is no alternative sources to evaluate or compare is available or the management has the confidence on the project or the project is new in the market and no substitute is available in that time (Zhou et al., 2015).

Infrastructure:  it is the term, which is use to elaborate the structure of anything. The process, systems, workflows and other alternative are evaluate to determine the strengths of an entity, business, projects or planning procedure. The word infrastructure is use as the fundamental facility that needs to be deliver for the success of the project. The overall work procedure depends on the structural components, and this structural components are evaluated by the infrastructure (Fulford & Standing, 2014).

Sustainability: The word denotes the sustention ability. Which means the adopted procedure is eligible to provide the desired needs in the current situation, and the will be able to deliver the future needs (Goffee & Scase, 2015). In business environment the Sustainability means that the business is generating profits and contributing in the economy for a long period.

Chapter 1:

Question 1:

1. C) Engineers generally distinguish between the terms “planning” and “design

Question 2:

b) they originated with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.

Question 3:

1. c) every federal project having a significant environmental impact.

Question 4:

1. a) they were emphasized first in the U.S and later adopted as issues for developing countries by the World Bank and the United Nations

Question 5:

1. b) the proportion for capital spending has decreased, while the portion for non-capital spending has increased

Chapter 2:

Question 6:

1. c) the choice of market or societal values is decided before starting the analyses.

Question 7:

1. b) most line operating agencies include benefit-cost analyses in their programming and budgeting process

Question 8:

b focuses on performance-based criteria

Chapter 3:

Question 9:

1. b) essentially at the same level as the contract documents

Question 10:

1. c) is the offer ranked first based on price and other factors.

Question 11:

1. c) consult with environmental specialists when the plan is final

Chapter 4:

Question 12:

1. a) the terms “proposal,” “tender,” and “bid” refer to different types of offers

Question 13:

1. c) as soon as the environmental and social impacts for have been identified.

Question 14:

1. b) useful in identifying problems and gaining support for a project

Question 15:

1. c) stakeholder panels are useful for selecting goals and objectives, but not for Discriminating among the alternatives.

Question 16:

1. c) only non-monetary features need to be considered.

Question 17:

1. a) data for three levels of development are generally appropriate

Question 18:

1. a) are different words that often describe similar types of plans.

Question 19:

1. c) defines the characteristics and costs plus recommended priorities.

Question 20:

1. b) Goes at the end of the report

Ashworth, A., & Perera, S. (2018). Contractual procedures in the construction industry. Routledge.

Belle, I. (2017). The architecture, engineering and construction industry and blockchain technology. Digital Culture, 279-284.

Fulford, R., & Standing, C. (2014). Construction industry productivity and the potential for collaborative practice. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), 315-326.

Goffee, R., & Scase, R. (2015). The Entrepreneurial Middle Class (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.

Smol, M., Kulczycka, J., Henclik, A., Gorazda, K., & Wzorek, Z. (2015). The possible use of sewage sludge ash (SSA) in the construction industry as a way towards a circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 95, 45-54.

Zhou, Z., Goh, Y. M., & Li, Q. (2015). Overview and analysis of safety management studies in the construction industry. Safety science, 72, 337-350.