In the field of computer engineering the computer architecture refers to the various rules and methods that are set in order to give description of the system functions, organizations, and implementations of the entire computer system, below are the various components and their functions respectively.
This is the computer system component that is responsible of the execution of the programs through the arithmetic and logical operation of the entered data.
The memory in a computer system represents a passive component that is used in the storage of the information which waits to be requested by any other part of the system.
It is used in transferring of the information without any alteration between the external entity and the internal devices for example keyboard, mouse and video display.
This is used to tie the entire system together where either using simple link to connect devices or using complex switch to interconnect various components which allows the communication between them at particular times.
The selected computer systems include the point of sale system and the automated teller machine as described here below:
The point of sale system is a commercial system that is used for selling products and it is made of the combination of hardware and software that are built in order to do centralization of business operations.
The point of sale is made of various components which are connected together to make the whole system the below are the various components of the point of sale system.
This is the hardware that is connected to the other peripheral devices and in which the point of sale system software and operating system is installed.
This is the main part of the point of sale system that comprises of the Central processing unit (CPU) that mainly runs the software.
This is a very essential part section of point of sale system where various items such as the money, credit cards receipt and the papers records are stored.
This is a section of the point of sale system which is a lighted display that is used to view the total transactions, total of tendered amount and some advertisements messages displayed to the customers.
This is flat panel LCD monitors or CRT monitors that are used by the sellers to display the transactions to the sellers of the products.
This is a type of screen that provides display to the system users and it allows the easy interactions with the system and helps in minimizing the space used.
This is a primary level interface of the point of sale and they are made of various types which have different functionalities and their selection depends on the sizes, programmable keys requirement and the magnetic stripes reader’s functionalities.
This is a device that is hand-held and is used to scan the products details, the details are recorded in the barcodes which are made of series of lines and the scanner used is called barcode scanner.
This is magnetic strip that is attached to the keyboard and it is used in capturing the customer’s signatures and its use helps in streamlining the business transaction which eventually reduces the cost and errors which can be caused by the use of paper works.
This is another device used in the point of sale system to print the receipts and this is used in printing of the records of various customers transactions, this type of printer is manly the serial dot matrix printer since is cheap and easy to install.
The automated teller machine is another commercial system which is an electronic telecommunication device that allows the financial institution customers to perform various transactions which includes the withdrawing, depositing, transferring funds and receiving the customer’s accounts information at a particular time without involvement of the banks staffs.
The automated teller machine is made of combination of various devices which includes the following:
The von Neumann architecture shows how the computer system is divided into the various blocks and each block has its functionality as discussed below.
Below shows the mapping of the various selected system devices to the von Neumann architecture system.
Von Neumann architecture |
Mapped System devices |
explanation |
Input devices |
i. Point of sale touch screen ii. The keyboards iii. The scanners iv. Signature captures device |
These are the devices that are used by the sellers to key in the information. |
Central processing unit |
i. Point of sale computers. |
This is where various arithmetic and logical transactions are done. |
Memory unit |
i. The cash drawer ii. Point of sale hardware |
These are the devices where the information and data is stored and retrieved. |
Output devices |
i. Customer poles display ii. Point of sale monitors iii. Receipts printers |
These are the devices that are used to display the information to the sellers. |
Von Neumann architecture |
Mapped System devices |
explanation |
Input devices |
i. The PIN Pad ii. The Function key buttons / Touch screen |
These are used by users to key in the required data. |
Central processing unit |
i. The central processing unit (CPU) ii. A Secure crypto processor |
These are the devices that are used to process the data.. |
Memory unit |
i. The Magnetic/Chip card reader ii. The Vault |
These are the devices that store the information about the customer. |
Output devices |
i. The Display ii. The record Printer |
These displays the information to the customers |
The two selected commercial system are slightly different from each other, this is in terms of their functions, structure, performance, cost and energy consumption as describe in the table below.
System name |
Performance |
Cost |
Energy consumption |
Point of sale system |
The point of sale performance is moderately high has improved on the sales speed and record management below are measuring attributes. i. Average Queue length- 10 ii. Average Waiting time – 3 minutes |
$550 |
1,300 watts per day. |
Automated teller machine |
The automated teller machine performance is high and has improved on the service delivery to the customer, as attested by attributes below. iii. Average Queue length- 20 iv. Average Waiting time – 5 minutes |
$1,200 |
2,500 watts per day. |
The processor chip of the point of sale system, the processor is made of various sections which include the registers, control units, the clock, the bus and program counters as in the figure below.
The automated teller machine processor chip is made of various components which include control unit and the arithmetic logic unit which do the computations and the arithmetic operations as in the figure below.
The point of sale has instruction set architecture which is termed as the Complex Instruction Set Computer architecture(CISC) where it make use of less number of lines of assembly codes which performs multiple steps in many clock’s cycles and thus enabling the compilation of higher level language (Wixom, 2016).
The ATM system has a instruction set architecture which is referred to as Reduced Instruction Set Computer architecture (RISC) where basic instructions are executed in an independent manner in completion of a task. This instruction set make use of multiple lines of codes where the operations get executed with equal number of clock cycles as in the CISC instructions but less number of registers are required.
The above shows the internal structure of the point of sale processor and it is made of various components which includes the following:
The above shows the internal structure of the automated teller machine processor and it is made of various components just like the point of sale processor which includes the following:
The figure above shows the architectural organization of cache memory in the point of sale computer system, however in point of sale system the cache is located next to the processor since it stores the required information by the processor temporarily in order to improve efficiency in the data processing.
The figure above shows the architectural organization of cache memory in the Automated teller machine computer system however in Automated teller machine system the cache is located next to the processor since it stores the required information by the processor temporarily in order to improve efficiency in the data processing (Laplante, 2013).
In the point of sale system the system devices are interconnected to each other through the bus and these buses are used for three main functions which act as the:
However the point of sale interconnection is achieved through two ways which includes the following:
In the automated teller machine system, the system devices are interconnected to each other through the bus and these buses are used for three main functions which act as the:
However the point of sale interconnection is achieved through two ways which includes the following:
The memory management involves the controlling and coordination of the computer memory where various blocks which are memory portions are allocated the running programs to optimize the performance of the entire system.
The point of sale system memory management is done as follows:
The Automated teller machine system memory management is done in the hardware, operating system and application programs in order to optimize the entire system performance.
The Automated teller machine system memory management is done as follows:
The above system has various modules that act as the interface between the input and output devices and the central processing unit below are various input output modules in our system.
The above system has various modules that act as the interface between the input and output devices and the central processing unit below are various input output modules in our system.
The selected instruction set is the Complex Instruction Set Computer architecture which is used in the point of sale system and it is implemented using the below assembly language codes (Goyal, 2011).
The below is the representation of the assembly language using the Complex Instruction Set Computer architecture used in the point of sale system.
Assembly language |
Instructions |
ORG OH |
; Start (origin) at location 0. |
MOV R6, #26H |
;load 26H into R6 |
MOV R8, #35H |
;load 35H into R8 |
MOV B, #0 |
;load 0 into B |
ADD B, R4 |
;add contents of R4 to B |
;now B=B+R4 |
|
ADD B, R8 |
;add contents of R8 to B |
;now B=B+R8 |
|
ADD B, #13H |
;add to B value 13H |
;now B=B+13H |
|
HERE:SJMP HERE |
;stay in the loops |
END |
;end of asm source file |
The system selected had supported the parallelism processing in both the data level parallelism and task level parallelism.
The data level parallelism had been exploited where different subsets perform operations on the similar data, supports synchronous computations, and also optimizes the load balance in the multiprocessing systems.
The task level parallelism also had been exploited in the applications where different operations are performed on different or same set of data, there is use of asynchronous computation, and the load balance is determined by the hardware availability and scheduling algorithm used.
How Request-level parallelism could be adopted.
Request-Level parallelism (RLP) is an alternative way used in the representation of tasks which is mainly based on requests that tend to execute and run in a parallel manner, in order to adopt this type of parallelism the server has to be installed in the system in order to handle multiple requests at the same time (Gupta, 2015).
Prediction of the future trend of the design of computer systems
The selected system had been reviewed by various users and peers where as a result the had been proposal of advancement of the both system where the point of sale system will be advanced to allow the customers to make payments through the master cards while the automated teller machine should be modified to allow the deposit of money through the system (Award, 2013)
Reference
Award,E.(2013) Systems Analysis and Design .3rd edn.Delhi:Galgotia Publications Pvt Ltd.
Gupta,B.(2015) Power System Analysis and Design.1st edn.New Delhi: S Chand & Company.
Goyal, A. (2011) systems Analysis and Design Paperback .2nd edn.INDIA:Prentice Hall India Learning Private Limited.
Karumanchi,N.(2012) Peeling Design Patterns: For Beginners and Interviews.5th edn.New York:CareerMonk Publications.
Laplante,P.(2013) Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis: Tools for the Practitioner.2nd edn.New Jersey:Wiley.
Singh,B.(2016) Systems Analysis and Design.4th edn.Delhi:New Age International Private Limited.
Wixom,D.(2016) Systems Analysis and Design.2nd edn. New Jersey: Wiley publishers.
We provide professional writing services to help you score straight A’s by submitting custom written assignments that mirror your guidelines.
Get result-oriented writing and never worry about grades anymore. We follow the highest quality standards to make sure that you get perfect assignments.
Our writers have experience in dealing with papers of every educational level. You can surely rely on the expertise of our qualified professionals.
Your deadline is our threshold for success and we take it very seriously. We make sure you receive your papers before your predefined time.
Someone from our customer support team is always here to respond to your questions. So, hit us up if you have got any ambiguity or concern.
Sit back and relax while we help you out with writing your papers. We have an ultimate policy for keeping your personal and order-related details a secret.
We assure you that your document will be thoroughly checked for plagiarism and grammatical errors as we use highly authentic and licit sources.
Still reluctant about placing an order? Our 100% Moneyback Guarantee backs you up on rare occasions where you aren’t satisfied with the writing.
You don’t have to wait for an update for hours; you can track the progress of your order any time you want. We share the status after each step.
Although you can leverage our expertise for any writing task, we have a knack for creating flawless papers for the following document types.
Although you can leverage our expertise for any writing task, we have a knack for creating flawless papers for the following document types.
From brainstorming your paper's outline to perfecting its grammar, we perform every step carefully to make your paper worthy of A grade.
Hire your preferred writer anytime. Simply specify if you want your preferred expert to write your paper and we’ll make that happen.
Get an elaborate and authentic grammar check report with your work to have the grammar goodness sealed in your document.
You can purchase this feature if you want our writers to sum up your paper in the form of a concise and well-articulated summary.
You don’t have to worry about plagiarism anymore. Get a plagiarism report to certify the uniqueness of your work.
Join us for the best experience while seeking writing assistance in your college life. A good grade is all you need to boost up your academic excellence and we are all about it.
We create perfect papers according to the guidelines.
We seamlessly edit out errors from your papers.
We thoroughly read your final draft to identify errors.
Work with ultimate peace of mind because we ensure that your academic work is our responsibility and your grades are a top concern for us!
Dedication. Quality. Commitment. Punctuality
Here is what we have achieved so far. These numbers are evidence that we go the extra mile to make your college journey successful.
We have the most intuitive and minimalistic process so that you can easily place an order. Just follow a few steps to unlock success.
We understand your guidelines first before delivering any writing service. You can discuss your writing needs and we will have them evaluated by our dedicated team.
We write your papers in a standardized way. We complete your work in such a way that it turns out to be a perfect description of your guidelines.
We promise you excellent grades and academic excellence that you always longed for. Our writers stay in touch with you via email.