ACCTG 421 2013 Fall
Case (50 points)

American Guitar Company manufactures two different high
quality acoustic guitars for retailers: beginner model and professional model. The
company has two service departments: the maintenance department and the power department,
and two manufacturing departments: the construction department and the
finishing department. American Guitar chooses the reciprocal method to allocate
service department costs. It uses operation costing to assign direct materials
and conversion costs to its products, and absorption costing with normal costs
for external reporting purposes.
In the Construction Department, the wooden guitars are built
by highly skilled craftsmen and coated with several layers of lacquer. Then the
units are transferred to the Finishing Department, where the bridge of the
guitar is attached and the strings are installed. The guitars also are tuned
and inspected in the Finishing Department[1].
American Guitar estimates to have an annual practical capacity of 6000 guitars
(1500 units of professional model and 4500 units of beginner model). The
budgeted sales for 2013 are 1300 units professional model and 4300 units of
beginner model. The diagram below depicts the manufacturing process.
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The following historical information has been collected from
American Guitar’s accounting information systems:

2009

2010

2011

2012

Annual sales

4146(B) & 1611(P)

4456(B) & 1256(P)

4668(B) & 1322(P)

4075(B) & 1300(P)

July sales

393(B) & 183(P)

398(B) & 163(P)

405(B) & 168(P)

372(B) & 155(P)

2012

Total Overhead ($)

Total DLH of the two manufacturing departments[2]

January

134,000

2,210

February

137,000

2,280

March

148,000

2,510

April

155,000

2,790

May

157,000

2,980

June

165,000

3,590

July

169,000

3,490

August

168,000

3,030

September

163,000

3,040

October

157,000

3,380

November

139,000

2,420

December

133,000

2,100

Total

1,825,000

33,820

American Guitar’s direct[3]
and indirect MOH costs for the two service and two manufacturing departments in
2012:

Power Department[4]

Maintenance Department[5]

Construction Department

Finishing
Department

Total Amount

Labor-hours

2022

2032

18950

14870

37,874

Kilowatt-hours

2,000

7,000

40,800

30,200

80,000

Maintenance hours

120

60

800

1,000

2,000

Direct fixed costs

$60,000

$36,000

$480,000

$432,000

$1,008,000

Direct variable costs

$58,000

$40,000

$346,800

$358,200

$803,000

Indirect fixed costs

$9,600

Indirect variable costs

$4,400

American Guitar does not expect significant changes in its manufacturing
costs in 2013.

At the end of June 2013, the balance in American Guitar’s
Materials Inventory account, which included 150 pounds of grade A veneered
wood, was $2,640; the balance in the finished-goods inventory, which was
valuated using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method, consisted of 2 models, was
$16,600.

Quantity and Unit Cost

Beginner model

20 units @ $430 each

Professional model

10 units @ $800 each

The following pertains to the month of July.

There were no beginning
inventories in both manufacturing departments.American Guitar’s
work-in-process inventory on July 31 consisted of two jobs: B0642 and
P0642. The ending WIP inventories at the finishing department for B0642
and P0642 have 10 EU and 6 EU respectively.Additions to and
requisitions from the materials inventory during the month of July
included the following.

Raw Materials

Purchased Parts

Additions

550 pounds of grade A veneered wood for $9,680
3300 pounds of grade B veneered wood for $41,580

100 set of premium bridges and strings for $1,840
400 set of regular bridges and strings for $6,560

Requisitions

Job B0639 (120 beginner units)

936 pounds of grade B wood

125 regular sets

Job B0640 (100 beginner units)

790 pounds of grade B wood

103 regular sets

Job B0641 (150 beginner units)

1170 pounds of grade B wood

153 regular sets

Job B0642 (15 beginner units)

118 pounds of grade B wood

10 regular sets

Job P0640 (30 professional units)

240 pounds of grade A wood

31 premium sets

Job P0641 (35 professional units)

273 pounds of grade A wood

32 premium sets

Job P0642 (10 professional units)

82 pounds of grade A wood

6 premium sets

The average hourly rate
for the construction and finishing departments in July was $15 and $14
respectively. The total payroll taxes and fringe benefits rate for American
Guitar was 40% of wages paid. The July labor hours consisted of the
following:

Account

Construction Department

Finishing Department

Job B0639 (120 beginner units)

350

264

Job B0640 (100 beginner units)

302

200

Job B0641 (150 beginner units)

448

285

Job B0642 (15 beginner units)

40

17

Job P0640 (30 professional units)

150

144

Job P0641 (35 professional units)

173

176

Job P0642 (10 professional units)

52

22

372 beginner
models & 70 professional models were sold on account for $600 (beginner
model) & $960 (professional model) each. The finished-goods inventory
is valuated using LIFO method.

The actual direct
fixed costs for power department and maintenance department were $4,050
and $4,000 respectively. The actual direct variable costs for power
department and maintenance department were $17,084 and $9,280
respectively.

The actual
direct fixed costs for construction department and finishing department
were $40,100 and $35,800 respectively. The actual direct variable for
construction department and finishing department were $33,084.60 and $34,038.40
respectively.

Depreciation of
the general facility and equipment shared by both manufacturing departments
during July amounted to $12,000.

Rent paid in
cash for warehouse space used by the manufacturing departments during July
was $1,200. Utility costs incurred for the warehouse during July amounted
to $600. The invoices for these costs were received, but the bills were
not paid in July.

July property
taxes on the general facility were paid in cash, $2,400.

The insurance
cost covering factory operations for the month of July was $3,100. The
insurance policy had been prepaid.

The costs of
salaries and fringe benefits for sales and administrative personnel paid
in cash during July amounted to $8,000.

Depreciation on
administrative office equipment and space amounted to $4,000.

Other selling
and administrative expenses paid in cash during July amounted to $35,000.

The July 1
balances in selected accounts are as follows:

Cash

$138,000

Accounts Receivable

21,000

Prepaid Insurance

5,000

Accumulated Depreciation: Facility & Equipment

102,000

Accounts Payable

13,000

Required:
Part 1
Submit a hard copy of your work and email an Excel workbook
to support your calculations on or before the due date for questions 1 – 7.

What is the
predetermined manufacturing overhead rate for external reporting purpose? Is
it the most appropriate rate for
managerial accounting? Why?Prepare the
journal entries to record the transactions in July using normal costing.Calculate the
overapplied or underapplied overhead for July. Use the proration method to
prepare a journal entry to close this balance.Prepare a
schedule of cost of goods manufactured for July.Prepare a
schedule of cost of goods sold for July.Prepare an income
statement for July.From the
perspective of long-run product pricing, do you recommend American Guitar
to keep its absorption costing with normal costs for pricing decision and
performance evaluation? Why?

Part 2
Submit a hard copy of your work and email an Excel workbook
to support your calculations on or before the due date for questions 1 – 11.

Recently, American Guitar has faced intense competition from
oversea guitars manufacturers. Her competitors sell similar quality guitars
averaged 25% less. American Guitar considers implementing the standard costing
to improve cost control. After conducting task analysis in the manufacturing
departments, American Guitar establishes the following standards:
1) Each finished guitar contains seven pounds
of veneered wood. In addition, one pound of wood is typically wasted in the manufacturing
process.
2) The veneered wood used in the beginner model
has a standard price of $12 per pound and the professional model has a standard
price of $18. The other parts needed to complete each beginner guitar
(professional guitar), such as the bridge and strings, cost $15 ($18) per
guitar.
3) The labor standards[6]
for American Guitar’s two manufacturing departments are as follows:

Construction Department

Finishing Department

Beginner model (B)

3 hours of direct labor at $18 per hour

2 hours of direct labor at $20 per hour

Professional model (P)

4 hours of direct labor at $18 per hour

6 hours of direct labor at $20 per hour

Assuming American
Guitar implements the standard costing, and calculate the followings:
–
Direct material and direct labor variances
–
variable manufacturing overhead variances for
both manufacturing departments in July.
–
fixed manufacturing overhead variances for both manufacturing
departments in July.
–
standard cost for the beginner model and the professional
model.
Prepare the
journal entries to record the transactions in July using the standard
costing.Prepare entries
to close all the variances using the proration method.Do you recommend
American Guitar to price its products based on its standard costs? Why?

Prepare a presentation to answer
the following questions:
Do you recommend
American Guitar to keep its current cost-accounting system or to implement
the standard costing system? Why?Explain the
interpretation and possible interactions between the variances calculated
by the standard costing.Write a memo to
the company evaluating American Guitar’s July performance and indicate any
appropriate action for management to fine-tune its strategy.

[1]Direct-material is
added at the beginning of manufacturing process in construction department.The direct-material and conversion costs are incurred uniformly
throughout the process in finishing department.
[2]American Guitar
believes that overhead is affected by total monthly DLH of the two
manufacturing departments.
[3] For amanufacturing department, direct costs refer only to overhead costs that are
directly traceable to the department.
[4]Power department is
to provide electricity to maintenance, construction and finishing department.
Its service is measured by the kilowatt-hours. The kilowatt-hours provided by
the department for 2010 & 2011 were 84,200 & 88,000 respectively.
[5]Maintenance
department is to maintain all the equipment in power, construction and
finishing department. Its service is measured by the maintenance hours. The
maintenance hours provided by the department for 2010 & 2011 were 2,150 and
2,240 respectively.
[6] Direct-labor rates include employee benefits.