A high performance work system may be defined as a specific set of practices in human resource management which ensures a positive and favorable working environment in the workplace. It strives to pave the way the way for greater employee engagement and responsibility towards the organization. High performance work systems, or HPWS as it is known in common parlance, is all encompassing and entails all the myriad facets of the human resource department. This is all the more poignant in the case of a healthcare organization, because the quality of employee performance would have a direct impact on the well being of the stakeholders, the patients in this case. HPWS in healthcare takes into consideration recruitment, job description and profile, evaluation of employee performance and rewards and recognition programs as well (Ang et al. 2013).
The case study provided considers the research conducted by Leggat, Bartram and Stanton in the year 2011. The research attempted to study the various healthcare practices and strategic management within healthcare organizations in Australia. Three healthcare organizations were examined, which comprised of 201 nurses, human resources, senior managers and also policy documents. The main purpose of the research was to place these organizations under scrutiny and analyze if HPWS systems were in place. The research also attempted to identify the gap between policy and practice. Various issues related to human resource management, HPWS, organizational and employee performance and the quality of patient care delivered were also studied.
The process of human resource management in healthcare organizations is of utmost importance, because it would directly affect the quality of medical services offered to the patient. Human resources in healthcare would determine the effectiveness and efficiency of medical services and optimize patient satisfaction. Effective management of human resources plays a vital role in the quality of medical care offered to patients. As such, it can be said that human resources does not simply entail recruitment and training of individual employees. It also involves the implementation of programs which would enhance communication between employees and facilitate coordination and collaboration between them. Consequently, this would nurture the development of the organization as a whole. However, it must be asserted that healthcare professionals are under tremendous pressure, with lives of countless people depending on their work. At present, there are numerous challenges which prove to be a hindrance for the HR department in healthcare organizations. Some of them may be discussed as follows:
In the past few decades, there has been intense discussion about the appropriate practices for human resources in healthcare, so as to maximize the efficiency and performance of the employees and simultaneously promote their mental and physical well being. High performance work systems or HPWS may be explained as a theory in human resources which would combine HR practices, processes, work structures and other aspects which would together enhance the commitment, engagement and knowledge or skills of the employees (Carvalho and Chambel 2014). The case study demonstrates that HPWS would include recruitment and training, transformational leadership practices, decentralized decision making, effective job characteristics and so on. Such human resource management practices would yield desirable outcomes and improve the quality of service provided to the patient. HPWS also takes into consideration staff turnover, employee grievances and hails psychological empowerment of employees as a determinant of patient satisfaction (Huang et al. 2016). The following are some measures that a healthcare organization can take to implement HPWS:
The above principles represent the policies pertaining to HPWS, and theoretical measures that an organization can adopt to maintain high levels of efficiency and performance. However, as the case study shows, there is often a gap between policy and practice. For instance, a large number of healthcare organizations in Australia show inconsistencies in managerial strategies and the use of outdated management principles. The list is below consists of few principles which can be used to ensure that HPWS is in place at a healthcare organization:
A HR manager at a hospital would be entrusted with the management and coordination of every staff member within the organization. As such, an individual in such a pivotal role would be required to have certain attributes. These include organizational skills (the ability to organize, manage and work in an efficient manner), ethics (an HR manager should have a sense of ethics and be able to distinguish between right and wrong), communication skills (the ability to effectively communicate his or her perspective and at the same time consider the points of view of the employees as well) and problem solving skills (the ability to resolve conflicts in a quick and efficient manner). The hospital sector is a volatile industry and the HR manager is expected to be flexible enough to adapt to changing situations (Parkes and Davis 2013). The primary role of the HR manager is to ensure the optimum delivery of medical services and improving patient outcomes. The roles of a HR manager can be dissected using the Ulrich model. This model was introduced by strategist Dave Ulrich, who claimed that the responsibility of a HR manager can broadly be segregated into four aspects – advocate for employees, administrator, business partner and change agent (Bratton and Gold 2017). They may be elaborated as follows:
Conclusion
To conclude, it can be said that in a healthcare organization, the management of human resources plays a crucial role. The HR department in a hospital would be responsible for a number of activities, as mentioned above. For example, recruitment, training, skill development, personnel management, catering to the needs of the employees and ensuring optimal delivery of medical services to the patient are just some of the important functions of a HR manager. The case study presented emphasizes on the importance for high performance work systems or HPWS in hospitals. Such work systems, as shown above, would not only improve the quality of service provided to patients, but would also empower the employees and keep them motivated.
References:
Ang, S.H., Bartram, T., McNeil, N., Leggat, S.G. and Stanton, P., 2013. The effects of high-performance work systems on hospital employees’ work attitudes and intention to leave: a multi-level and occupational group analysis. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(16), pp.3086-3114.
Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2017. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave.
Carvalho, V.S. and Chambel, M.J., 2014. Work-to-family enrichment and employees’ well-being: High performance work system and job characteristics. Social Indicators Research, 119(1), pp.373-387.
Collings, D.G., Wood, G.T. and Szamosi, L.T., 2018. Human resource management: A critical approach. In Human Resource Management (pp. 1-23). Routledge.
García-Chas, R., Neira-Fontela, E. and Castro-Casal, C., 2014. High-performance work system and intention to leave: a mediation model. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(3), pp.367-389.
Hairr, D.C., Salisbury, H., Johannsson, M. and Redfern-Vance, N., 2014. Nurse staffing and the relationship to job satisfaction and retention. Nursing Economics, 32(3), pp.142-147.
Huang, L.C., Ahlstrom, D., Lee, A.Y.P., Chen, S.Y. and Hsieh, M.J., 2016. High performance work systems, employee well-being, and job involvement: An empirical study. Personnel Review, 45(2), pp.296-314.
Humphries, N., Morgan, K., Catherine Conry, M., McGowan, Y., Montgomery, A. and McGee, H., 2014. Quality of care and health professional burnout: narrative literature review. International journal of health care quality assurance, 27(4), pp.293-307.
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Parkes, C. and Davis, A.J., 2013. Ethics and social responsibility–do HR professionals have the ‘courage to challenge’or are they set to be permanent ‘bystanders?’. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(12), pp.2411-2434.
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Salyers, M.P., Bonfils, K.A., Luther, L., Firmin, R.L., White, D.A., Adams, E.L. and Rollins, A.L., 2017. The relationship between professional burnout and quality and safety in healthcare: A meta-analysis. Journal of general internal medicine, 32(4), pp.475-482.
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